Economic activity in the U.S. continued to rise at a modest pace from September to early October, according to the Federal Reserve's latest report on regional economies (known as the "beige book"). Improvements in manufacturing activity, non-financial services, consumer spending, new vehicle sales, and tourism helped to propel the economy forward, but sustained weakness in housing markets, commercial real estate, and construction continued to limit the economic recovery. Hiring remained constrained across most of the nation, with most businesses expressing a reluctance to add to permanent payrolls given the current economic environment.

Manufacturing activity continued to expand, with production and new orders rising across most Districts. Demand for non-financial services was reported to be stable to modestly increasing overall. Consumer spending was steady to up slightly, but consumers remained price-sensitive, and purchases were mostly limited to necessities and non-discretionary items. New vehicle sales held steady or rose during the reporting period; sales of used automobiles were strong as well. Activity in the travel and tourism sector picked up.
Housing markets remained weak with most Districts reporting sales below year-ago levels. Reports on prices suggested stability, however. Conditions in the commercial real estate sector were subdued, and construction was expected to remain weak. Lending activity was stable in most Districts. Agricultural conditions were generally favorable, and above-average yields were expected in most reporting Districts. Activity in the energy sector continued to expand.
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